“使用基于模型的设计，我们开发了一个复杂的控制系统，明显更少的时间比我们的传统过程所需的时间。我们通过从我们的模型中生成代码来消除几个月的手工编码，并且我们使用模拟来实现早期设计验证。“
Anthony Totterdell, Alstom Grid
高压，直流（HVDC）电力传动系统提供高电压，交流电流（HVAC）系统的若干优点，包括在长距离或地下或水下电缆上使用时的金融优势。HVDC能够更大的功率密度，提高功率流量控制，更有效地利用能源而不是HVAC。然而，在HVDC传输中将电压从AC转换为DC需要复杂的转换器站。
常用于今天的线路换向转换器需要多个过滤器库，这可能昂贵且非常大。对于需要紧凑的站点布局的HVDC应用，例如空间有限的海上和陆上风电场，电压源转换器（VSC）提供更好的解决方案。
Alstom Grid的工程师建造了一台24兆瓦的演示系统，支持VSC技术的开发和测试，为大规模生产做好准备，并使潜在客户能够访问完全运金宝app行的VSC工厂。该团队使用基于模型的设计来加速开发。“基于模型的设计使我们能够管理VSC系统的复杂性，验证我们的控制设计早期开发，并满足我们的可靠性，质量和上市时间目标，”副控制系统经理 - VSC阿尔斯通网格专家。
The demonstrator control system included a high-level sequencing layer running on a microprocessor that managed interaction with the power system, intermediate current and phase control layers running on DSPs, and low-level power electronic switch controls that monitor capacitor voltages every 100 microseconds.
“To develop such a complex system, our systems engineers needed to verify the design as early as possible,” says Totterdell. “In the past, we sometimes found design and implementation issues late in the project, when we were ready to test on a real-time simulator.”
With wind farm and smart grid demand increasing worldwide, Alstom Grid saw a market opportunity that would demand an aggressive production schedule. “Our goal was to get from concept to a complete demonstrator in 24 months,” explains Totterdell. “To meet this timeline, we needed to accelerate the software development process while minimizing the number of coding errors found late in the process.”
阿尔斯通Grid used Model-Based Design with MATLAB®and Simulink®to model, simulate, document, and generate code for the HVDC VSC control system.
An Alstom Grid Senior Fellow developed the conceptual design with Simulink and Stateflow®。Using Simulink and Simscape Electrical™, he also built a plant model that included an AC grid connection, transformers, and loads, as well as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and capacitors for the lower-level power electronics submodules.
To verify the control design and plant model functionality, Alstom Grid engineers ran closed-loop simulations in Simulink. Next, they refined the control algorithms in preparation for deployment to a real-time target.
为了帮助管理系统的复杂性，Alstom网格工程师使用引用的Simulink模型将模型分区为库块，该库块对应于部署组件的DSP硬件。金宝app它们在块之间添加了接口，将模型转换为离散数学，并从变量步骤切换到固定步骤离散求解器。
使用嵌入式编码器®the engineers generated C code functions to define sequencing, system-level control, and individual phase controls. They deployed the C code to the DSPs in a 1.2 kilowatt–scale hardware simulator to verify the system’s real-time operation.
最后，工程师将控制算法移植到生产硬件，为24兆瓦的演示，并验证其设计为设计。
最终系统模型包括大约2,000个包含33,000个块，564个离散状态和250个状态流图的子系统。从该模型的控制器部分包括2,000个块，Alstom网格产生约10,000行的生产代码。使用Simu金宝applink Report Generator™，它们还生成了300多页的系统描述和功能规范文档。
The demonstrator system is currently in operation, and is receiving positive evaluations from prospective customers.
可量化的过程改进。“基于模型的设计使我们能够对我们的开发过程进行可衡量的改进，”Totterdell说。“从设计到代码（包括测试）的时间从大约一年到3个月下降，设计迭代从2个月下降到少于2周，并且在几分钟内完成了使用2周的文档更新。”
Rapid integration with power system simulation software。“我们的客户要求我们使用PSCAD / EMTDC环境进行动态性能和瞬态分析研究，以前需要在PSCAD和几个月的集成时间中重写我们的模型，”Totterdell说。“我们的专家们与MathWorks顾问合作，用嵌入式编码器重复使用现有的Matlab和Simulink模型，使我们能够在大约五分钟内实现功能的变化。”金宝app
Protection systems implemented in one week。“The protection algorithms for our conventional HVDC system took about six months to develop and test in C,” says Totterdell. “I re-implemented the same algorithms in Simulink and Stateflow and had them working in a single week.”
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