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Six-Step Commutation of BLDC Motor Using Sensor Feedback

This example uses 120-degree conduction mode to implement the six-step commutation technique to control speed and direction of rotation of a three-phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The example uses the switching sequence generated by the Six Step Commutation block to control three-phase stator voltages, and therefore, control the rotor speed and direction. For more details about this block, seeSix Step Commutation.

The six-step commutation algorithm requires a Hall sequence or a rotor position feedback value (which is obtained from either a quadrature encoder or a Hall sensor).

The quadrature encoder sensor consists of a disk with two tracks or channels that are coded 90 electrical degrees out of phase. This creates two pulses (A and B) that have a phase difference of 90 degrees and an index pulse (I). The controller uses the phase relationship between the A and B channels and the transition of channel states to determine the speed, position, and direction of rotation of the motor.

A Hall effect sensor varies its output voltage based on the strength of the applied magnetic field. According to the standard configuration, a BLDC motor consists of three Hall sensors located electrically 120 degrees apart. A BLDC with the standard Hall placement (where the sensors are placed electrically 120 degrees apart) can provide six valid combinations of binary states: for example, 001,010,011,100,101, and 110. The sensor provides the angular position of the rotor in degrees in the multiples of 60, which the controller uses to determine the 60-degree sector where the rotor is present.

The controller controls the motor by using the Hall sequence or the rotor position. It energizes the next two phases of the stator winding, so that the rotor always maintains a torque angle (angle between rotor d-axis and stator magnetic field) of 90 degrees with a deviation of 30 degrees.

Models

The example includes these models:

您可以使用这些模型模拟和code generation. To open a Simulink® model, you can also use the open_system command at the MATLAB command prompt. For example, use this command for a F28379D based controller:

open_system('mcb_bldc_sixstep_f28379d.slx');

For details of the supported hardware configuration, see Required Hardware in the Generate Code and Deploy Model to Target Hardware section.

Required MathWorks® Products

To simulate model:

  • Motor Control Blockset™

To generate code and deploy model:

  • Motor Control Blockset™

  • Embedded Coder®

  • Embedded Coder® Support Package for Texas Instruments™ C2000™ Processors

  • Fixed-Point Designer™ (only needed for optimized code generation)

Prerequisites

1.Obtain the motor parameters. We provide default motor parameters with the Simulink model that you can replace with values from either the motor datasheet or other sources.

However, if you have the motor control hardware, you can estimate the parameters for the motor that you want to use by using the Motor Control Blockset parameter estimation tool. For instructions, seeEstimate Motor Parameters Using Motor Control Blockset Parameter Estimation Tool.

The parameter estimation tool updates themotorParamvariable (in the MATLAB® workspace) with the estimated motor parameters.

2.If you obtain the motor parameters from a motor datasheet or from other sources, update the motor parameters and the inverter parameters in the model initialization script associated with the Simulink models. For instructions, seeEstimate Control Gains from Motor Parameters.

If you use the parameter estimation tool, you can update the inverter parameters, but do not update the motor parameters in the model initialization script. The script automatically extracts the motor parameters from the updatedmotorParamworkspace variable.

Simulate Model

This example supports simulation. Follow these steps to simulate the model.

1.Open the model included with this example.

2.Select either the QEP or the Hall Speed_Feedback radio button in the model.

3.ClickRunon theSimulationtab to simulate the model.

4.ClickData Inspectoron theSimulationtab to view and analyze the simulation results.

Generate Code and Deploy Model to Target Hardware

本节将向您展示如何生成代码和俄文n the FOC algorithm on the target hardware.

This example uses a host and a target model. The host model is a user interface to the controller hardware board. You can run the host model on the host computer. The prerequisite to use the host model is to deploy the target model to the controller hardware board. The host model uses serial communication to command the target Simulink model and run the motor in a closed-loop control.

Required Hardware

The example supports these hardware configurations. You can also use the target model name to open the model for the corresponding hardware configuration, from the MATLAB® command prompt.

For connections related to these hardware configurations, seeLAUNCHXL-F28069M and LAUNCHXL-F28379D Configurations.

Generate Code and Run Model on Target Hardware

1.Simulate the target model and observe the simulation results.

2.Complete the hardware connections.

3.The model computes the ADC (or current) offset values by default. To disable this functionality, update the value 0 to the variableinverter.ADCOffsetCalibEnablein the model initialization script.

Alternatively, you can compute the ADC offset values and update them manually in the model initialization script. For instructions, seeRun 3-Phase AC Motors in Open-Loop Control and Calibrate ADC Offset.

4.If you are using a quadrature encoder, compute the quadrature encoder index offset value and update it in the model initialization script associated with the target model. For instructions, seeQuadrature Encoder Offset Calibration for PMSM Motor.

5.如果您使用的是霍尔传感器,compute the Hall sequence value and update it in thebldc.hallsequencevariable in the model initialization script associated with the target model. For instructions, seeHall Sensor Sequence Calibration of BLDC Motor.

6.Open the target model. If you want to change the default hardware configuration settings for the model, seeModel Configuration Parameters.

7.Select either the QEP or the Hall Speed_Feedback radio button in the target model.

8.Load a sample program to CPU2 of LAUNCHXL-F28379D. For example, you can use the program that operates the CPU2 blue LED by using GPIO31 (c28379D_cpu2_blink.slx), and ensure that CPU2 is not mistakenly configured to use the board peripherals intended for CPU1.

9.ClickBuild, Deploy & Starton theHardwaretab to deploy the target model to the hardware.

10.Click thehost modelhyperlink in the target model to open the associated host model. You can also use the open_system command to open the host model. Use this command for a F28379D based controller.

open_system('mcb_bldc_host_model_f28379d.slx');

For on the serial communication between the host and target models, seeHost-Target Communication.

11.In the Host Serial Setup block mask in the host model, select aPort name.

12.Update the reference speed value in theReference Speed (RPM)field in the host model.

13.In the host model, select the debug signals that you want to monitor.

14.ClickRunon theSimulationtab to run the host model.

15.Change the position of the Start / Stop Motor switch to On, to start running the motor.

16.Observe the debug signals from the RX subsystem, in the Scope and Display blocks in the host model.