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建立数组GPU

AgpuArrayin MATLAB^®represents an array that is stored on the GPU. For a complete list of functions that support arrays on the GPU, seeRun MATLAB Functions on a GPU.

Create GPU Arrays from Existing Data

Send Arrays to the GPU

GPU arrays can be created by transferring existing arrays from the workspace to the GPU. Use thegpuArrayfunction to transfer an array from MATLAB to the GPU:

N = 6; M = magic(N); G = gpuArray(M);

You can accomplish this in a single line of code:

G = gpuArray(magic(N));

Gis now a MATLAB gpuArray object that represents the magic square stored on the GPU. The input provided togpuArraymust be numeric (for example:single,double,int8, etc.) or logical. (See alsoWork with Complex Numbers on a GPU.)

Retrieve Arrays from the GPU

Use thegatherfunction to retrieve arrays from the GPU to the MATLAB workspace. This takes an array that is on the GPU represented by a gpuArray object, and transfers it to the MATLAB workspace as a regular MATLAB array. You can useisequalto verify that you get the correct values back:

G = gpuArray(ones(100,'uint32')); D = gather(G); OK = isequal(D,ones(100,'uint32'))

Gathering back to the CPU can be costly, and is generally not necessary unless you need to use your result with functions that do not supportgpuArray.

Example: Transfer Array to the GPU

Create a 1000-by-1000 random matrix in MATLAB, and then transfer it to the GPU:

X = rand(1000); G = gpuArray(X);

Example: Transfer Array of a Specified Precision

Create a matrix of double-precision random values in MATLAB, and then transfer the matrix as single-precision from MATLAB to the GPU:

X = rand(1000); G = gpuArray(single(X));

Create GPU Arrays Directly

A number of functions allow you to directly construct arrays on the GPU by specifying the'gpuArray'type as an input argument. These functions require only array size and data class information, so they can construct an array without having to transfer any elements from the MATLAB workspace. For more information, seegpuArray.

Example: Construct an Identity Matrix on the GPU

To create a 1024-by-1024 identity matrix of typeint32on the GPU, type

II = eye(1024,'int32','gpuArray'); size(II)

1024 1024

With one numerical argument, you create a 2-dimensional matrix.

Example: Construct a Multidimensional Array on the GPU

To create a 3-dimensional array of ones with data classdoubleon the GPU, type

G = ones(100,100,50,'gpuArray'); size(G)

100 100 50

classUnderlying(G)

double

The default class of the data isdouble, so you do not have to specify it.

Example: Construct a Vector on the GPU

To create a 8192-element column vector of zeros on the GPU, type

Z = zeros(8192,1,'gpuArray'); size(Z)

8192 1

For a column vector, the size of the second dimension is 1.

Examine gpuArray Characteristics

There are several functions available for examining the characteristics of a gpuArray object:

Function	Description
`classUnderlying`	Class of the underlying data in the array
`existsOnGPU`	Indication if array exists on the GPU and is accessible
`isreal`	Indication if array data is real
`isaUnderlying`	Determine if tall array data is of specified class, such as`gpuArray`
`isequal`	Determine if two or more arrays are equal
`isnumeric`	Determine if an array is of a numeric data type
`issparse`	Determine if an array is sparse
`length`	Length of vector or largest array dimension
`ndims`	Number of dimensions in the array
`size`	Size of array dimensions

For example, to examine the size of the gpuArray objectG, type:

G = rand(100,'gpuArray'); s = size(G)

100 100

Save and Load gpuArrays

You can save gpuArray variables as MAT files for later use. When you save a gpuArray from the MATLAB workspace, the data is saved as a gpuArray variable in a MAT file. When you load a MAT file containing a gpuArray variable, the data is loaded onto the GPU as a gpuArray.

Note

你可以加载MAT files containing gpuArray data as in-memory arrays when a GPU is not available. A gpuArray loaded without a GPU is limited and you cannot use it for computations. To use a gpuArray loaded without a GPU, retrieve the contents usinggather.

For more information about how to save and load variables in the MATLAB workspace, seeSave and Load Workspace Variables(MATLAB).