$$\begin{array}{l}u＝罪\mathrm{\theta .}\mathrm{因为}\mathrm{\phi .}\\ v＝罪\mathrm{\theta .}罪\mathrm{\phi .}\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{l}u＝\mathrm{因为}el罪\mathrm{一个}z\\ v＝罪el\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{l}-1\le u\le 1\\ -1\le v\le 1\\ u^2+v^2\le 1\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{棕褐色}\mathrm{\phi .}＝v/u\\ 罪\mathrm{\theta .}＝\sqrt{u^2+v^2}\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{l}罪el＝v\\ \mathrm{棕褐色}\mathrm{一个}z＝\frac{u}{\sqrt{1-u^2-v^2}}\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{l}罪el＝罪\mathrm{\phi .}罪\mathrm{\theta .}\\ \mathrm{棕褐色}\mathrm{一个}z＝\mathrm{因为}\mathrm{\phi .}\mathrm{棕褐色}\mathrm{\theta .}\\ \mathrm{因为}\mathrm{\theta .}＝\mathrm{因为}el\mathrm{因为}\mathrm{一个}z\\ \mathrm{棕褐色}\mathrm{\phi .}＝\mathrm{棕褐色}el/罪\mathrm{一个}z\end{array}$$